Unicode, formally The Unicode Standard, is an information technology standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.This article contains uncommon Unicode characters. Tower of Babel Sample text (Assyrian Neo-Aramaic)Īll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. Glory to Him who has glorified and exalted the Syriac language in His holy mouth, and entrusted and handed over His life-giving teachings to His blessed apostles in Syriac and the renowned forefathers and the skilled teachers of His Church have constituted and composed her beautiful liturgies in Aramaic, and explained and translated the living words of His salvation-bringing Gospel in the same. The vowel diacritics for î, ô and û are always attached to the letters y and w, while other vowels diacritics can be attached to any consonants. In the Serto script the letter lamâdh has a different initial form. The letters meem and simkâth have one form for initial and medial positions (right) and one form for final positions (left). In Estrangelo the letter kap only has a different shape when in initial position. The letters kap and nun have three different forms, the one on the right is used in initial and medial positions, the one in the middle is used in final positions when connected to a previous letter, and the one of the left is used in final positions when unconnected to a previous letter. Syriac has also been written with the Uyghur alphabet.Īssyrian Neo-Aramaic, a member of the Aramaic branch of the Semitic language family spoken in parts of Iran, Iraq, Turkey and Syria by abour 220,000 people. It is also used for sermons in Syrian churches in the southern Indian state of Kerala. Syriac is still used used nowadays as ritual and literary language by speakers of Neo-Aramaic in Syria. Syriac (ܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ leššānā Suryāyā), an eastern dialect of Aramaic spoken by Christians in the lands in between the Roman and Parthian empires between the 1st and 12th centuries. It is still used as a liturgical language by Christian communities in Syria, Lebanon and Iraq, and is still spoken by small numbers of people in Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Armenia, Georgia and Syria.Īramaic has also been written in versions of the Latin, Hebrew and Cyrillic alphabets, though the Syriac is the most widely used script to write Aramaic. It was during this period that Aramaic split into western and eastern dialects.Īramaic was once the main language of the Jews and appears in some of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Classical or Imperial Aramaic was the main language of the Persian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires and spread as far as Greece and the Indus valley.Īfter Alexander the Great destroyed the Persian Empire, Aramaic ceased to be the official language of any major state, though continued to be spoken widely. Syriac scripts are usually written pointed (with vowel diacritics) but can also be written unpointed (without vowel diacritics).Īramaic, a Semitic language that was the lingua franca of much of the Near East from about 7th century BC until the 7th century AD, when it was largely replaced by Arabic.Letter forms change depending on their position in a word.Used to write: Aramaic, Syriac and Assyrian Neo-Aramaic.Number of letters: 22 consonants, plus diacritics.Script family: Proto-Sinaitic, Phoenician, Aramaic, Syriac.Writing direction: right to left in horizontal lines.Madnḥāyā is closer to Esṭrangelā than Serṭā. A version of Serṭā appeared in the earliest Syriac manuscripts, and it became popular during the 8th century.Įast Syriac is usually written in the Madnḥāyā (ܡܕܢܚܝܐ, 'Eastern') form of the alphabet, which is also known as Swādāyā (ܣܘܕܝܐ, 'conversational/contemporary'), Assyrian, Chaldean and Nestorian. It was modelled on Esṭrangelā but with simpler, more flowing lines. West Syriac is generally written with Serṭā, meaning 'line', which is also known as the Pšīṭā (ܦܫܝܛܐ, 'simple'), Maronite or Jacobite. It was revived during the 10th century, and is now used mainly in scholarly publications, titles and inscriptions. There are a number of different forms of the Syriac alphabet: Esṭrangelā (ܐܣܛܪܢܓܠܐ), Serṭā (ܣܪܛܐ) and Madnḥāyā (ܡܕܢܚܝܐ).Įsṭrangelā, meaning 'rounded', is the oldest form and is considered the classical version of the Syriac alphabet. The Syriac alphabet developed from the Aramaic alphabet and was used mainly to write the Syriac language from about the 2nd century BC.
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